Admin panel on its own port, and a registration gate

Three strands that only make sense together, so they land together.

Registration gate (migration 0016). POST /auth/register was open to anyone
who could reach the port. Now the first account on an empty instance is
always allowed, becomes the administrator, and closes registration behind
itself; after that it takes an admin reopening it. The decision is made
under a row lock on app_settings so two simultaneous first signups cannot
both see an empty table and both claim administrator. Existing installs
keep their oldest account as admin and start closed.

Instance default quota (migration 0017). users.quota_bytes is snapshotted
at creation from app_settings.default_quota_bytes, so changing the default
affects later accounts only and never resizes a mailbox that exists.

The panel is a separate app, not a page in the mail client. admin.html is
its own Vite entry (5.8 KB next to the client's 1.7 MB; they share only the
vendor chunk), with its own administrator sign-in. One nginx now serves two
listeners: :80 is the mail client and 404s both /admin.html and
/api/admin/*, :81 is the panel. docker-compose publishes them as WEB_PORT
and ADMIN_PORT. The boundary is nginx refusing paths on one listener, not
process isolation — CurrentAdmin still guards every admin route — so
ADMIN_PORT must be restricted to the LAN, which the runbook now covers for
both DSM and QNAP.

Also QNAP: deploy/webmail.sh finds Container Station's docker under
/share/*/.qpkg/container-station/bin, which is off an SSH session's PATH,
before anything shells out to it. docs/nas-install.md gains a QuTS hero
runbook (§2.6), splits the DSM firewall section into container-to-container
(§8.1) and the egress case that makes account-add time out while
autodiscovery appears to work (§8.2), and scopes both to Synology.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018SqJYt7jD7oUEkoY68sBZo

backend/app/models.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from sqlalchemy import (
     BigInteger,
+    CheckConstraint,
     ForeignKey,
     Index,
     Integer,
@@ -45,6 +46,32 @@ def _now() -> Mapped[dt.datetime]:
     return mapped_column(TIMESTAMP(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=text("now()"))
 
 
+class AppSettings(Base):
+    """Instance-wide settings, exactly one row (id = 1).
+
+    Distinct from :func:`app.config.get_settings`, which is deployment environment
+    read at boot; these are options an administrator changes at runtime from the
+    admin panel. Locking this row serialises the registration decision below.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "app_settings"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint("id = 1", name="ck_app_settings_singleton"),
+        CheckConstraint("default_quota_bytes > 0", name="ck_app_settings_quota_positive"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, server_default=text("1"))
+    # Whether POST /auth/register accepts new users. Closed automatically once the
+    # first account (the administrator) is created; an admin reopens it later.
+    registration_open: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
+    # Quota handed to the NEXT user created. Existing users keep whatever
+    # users.quota_bytes already says — changing this never resizes a mailbox.
+    default_quota_bytes: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
+        BigInteger, nullable=False, server_default=text("5368709120")
+    )
+    updated_at: Mapped[dt.datetime] = _now()
+
+
 class User(Base):
     __tablename__ = "users"
 
@@ -61,6 +88,9 @@ class User(Base):
     quota_bytes: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
         BigInteger, nullable=False, server_default=text("5368709120")
     )
+    # The first account created on a fresh install bootstraps as administrator;
+    # the admin panel can grant it to others later.
+    is_admin: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
     created_at: Mapped[dt.datetime] = _now()